Georgian courts

TheGeorgian courts constitute the judicial system of Georgia, tasked with administering justice across the country. They hear and decide civil, criminal, and administrative matters, applying national legislation and international obligations where applicable. Through their rulings, the courts interpret statutes, protect constitutional rights, and provide remedies for legal disputes. Their work supports the rule of law and contributes to the stability of the Georgian state.

As general jurisdiction courts, they are not limited to specialised subject‑matter areas but have authority over a wide range of cases that arise within Georgian territory. This broad mandate means they serve individuals, businesses, and government entities alike, addressing everything from minor civil claims to serious criminal offenses. The courts operate through a hierarchy that includes first‑instance tribunals, appellate chambers, and a supreme court, allowing for layered review of decisions. Their proceedings are conducted in accordance with procedural codes that guarantee due process and transparency.

A distinguishing feature of the Georgian courts is their status as an independent branch of government, separate from the executive and legislative powers. This independence is intended to safeguard impartiality and protect judicial decisions from political influence. In October 2019, the courts were among the entities affected by a large‑scale cyber‑attack that disrupted thousands of websites, including those of the general jurisdiction courts, highlighting their reliance on digital infrastructure for case management and public information. The incident underscored the importance of cybersecurity resilience for judicial institutions operating in a modern environment.

Structurally, the Georgian courts are funded and administered by the state, forming part of the public sector rather than a privately owned enterprise. They are accountable to the Georgian constitution and operate under the oversight of judicial self‑governing bodies, such as the High Council of Justice, which handles appointments, discipline, and administration. There is no indication of a parent company or subsidiary relationship; the courts function as a core component of Georgia’s governmental framework.