Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares

Instituto de PesquisasEnergéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN) is a Brazilian research institute dedicated to the peaceful application of nuclear science and technology. Its core activities include the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals used in medical diagnostics and cancer therapy, as well as the irradiation of materials for industrial and agricultural purposes. IPEN operates research reactors and laboratories that support basic and applied studies in nuclear physics, reactor engineering, radiation protection and nuclear fuel cycle topics. The institute provides technical services such as neutron activation analysis, isotope production and radiation processing to hospitals, industries and research institutions across Brazil. Through these efforts IPEN contributes to the national supply of essential radioactive medications that are critical for patient care. Its work also extends to the development of nuclear technology for energy generation and environmental monitoring.

IPEN/CNEN functions as a specialized unit of the Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), linking its scientific mission to national nuclear policy and regulatory frameworks. The institute’s distinguishing attributes lie in its focus on translating nuclear research into practical products, particularly the reliable production of radiopharmaceuticals that support oncology and diagnostic services in the healthcare sector. Notable competencies include the operation of the IEA‑R1 swimming pool reactor, expertise in isotope separation and the management of radiation safety protocols for both workers and the public. Structurally, IPEN is administratively subordinate to CNEN, which itself reports to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, ensuring alignment with federal science and technology strategies. The cyberattack reported on 28 March 2025 highlighted the institute’s strategic importance, as the disruption of its network temporarily halted the production and distribution of radioactive medicines while safety systems remained intact. In response, IPEN prioritized the restoration of its hospital supply chains and implemented network isolation measures to contain the incident.